On $T$-injectivity and $T_ \cap$-injectivity in the category of $S$-acts

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Mathematics‎, ‎Payame Noor University‎, ‎Tehran‎, ‎Iran

Abstract

In this paper‎, ‎we introduce and investigate new notions of injectivity and essentiality for right $S$-acts‎, ‎defined relative to a multiplicatively closed subset $T$ of a monoid $S$‎. ‎We study the concepts of $T$-injective and $T_\cap$-injective $S$-acts‎, ‎along with $T$-essential and $T_\cap$-essential subacts‎. ‎We first establish foundational definitions and illustrate the differences between $T$-essential and $T_\cap$-essential subacts with examples‎. ‎Our study shows that $T$-injectivity does not necessarily imply the existence of a zero element in the $S$-act‎, ‎which contrasts with classical results on injective $S$-acts‎.
‎We proved that every $S$-act admits a $T_\cap$-injective hull‎, ‎satisfying a universal property analogous to classical injective envelopes‎. ‎We study closure properties of the classes of $T$-injective and $T_\cap$-injective $S$-acts under categorical constructions such as products‎, ‎retracts‎, ‎and direct limits‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we demonstrate that pushouts preserve $T_\cap$-essential extensions‎, ‎while pullbacks may not‎, ‎highlighting an asymmetry in categorical behavior‎.

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